Gettysburg : The Tide Turns: an Oral History

The definitive oral history of the battle that turned the tide of the Civil War that combines vivid first-hand accounts with rich historical narrative.In late June of 1863, one month after his victory over Union forces at Chancellorsville, Virginia, General Robert E. Lee, head of the Army of Northern Virginia, invaded the North. He would cross the Potomac River, the dividing line between the North and the South, and head towards Harrisburg, the capital of Pennsylvania with the goal of seizing the trains which would then take his army into Philadelphia and perhaps even New York City. He hoped that these victories would force U.S. President Abraham Lincoln to surrender. As he pushed north, Lee was operating without his cavalry leader, J.E.B. Stuart, whom he had allowed to go on a useless scouting mission. At the same time, the Union army, now led by little known commander George Meade, who replaced General Joe Hooker, with whom Lincoln did not get along, was tracking Lee and his men. Both sides clashed at Gettysburg, a tiny Pennsylvania farm village on July 1 in what would be a three day battle that would change the course of the war. The battle would reveal the mettle of the unheralded Meade, and would also call into question General Lee’s reputation as a legendary commander when he unleashed the ill planned and ill prepared Pickett’s Charge on the third and final day of the conflict. The Union troops fought hard and repelled the Confederates for three consecutive days. The battle proved costly to both sides. Some 50,000 men were killed across the battlefield at little Round Top. Big Round Top, the Wheat Field and Devil’s Den. The defeated Lee’s army would never again invade the North. After so much bloodshed, President Lincoln's history-making and eloquent Gettysburg Address of Abraham Lincoln, delivered on Nov. 19 to honor the dead, came to embody the essence of the war. "None there, North or South, died in vain," Lincoln said. The address, not even three minutes l